Vaginal dryness can be triggered by various factors, including dehydration, inflammation, and other underlying causes. To ensure a comfortable and pleasurable sex life, it’s important to address this issue proactively.
Experiencing vaginal dryness can result in painful intercourse and potentially lead to additional problems such as tears and infections. Various factors contribute to its occurrence, ranging from dehydration and the natural aging process to emotional factors such as a diminished interest in sexual activity. Fortunately, there are numerous options available for alleviating vaginal dryness, allowing you to find the most suitable solution for your needs.
Vaginal dryness can affect individuals with vaginas, although it is more commonly observed among those who have undergone menopause. Research indicates that approximately 15 percent of women experience vaginal dryness before menopause, while the figure rises to 40 to 57 percent among post-menopausal women. Surprisingly, many women who face vaginal dryness do not discuss it with their healthcare providers.
Identifying the root cause of vaginal dryness is crucial, particularly if it contributes to painful intercourse. Various conditions can lead to insufficient vaginal lubrication, and pinpointing the specific cause is the first step towards effective treatment.
- Low estrogen: According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining regular blood flow, promoting vaginal tissue health, and ensuring moisture in the vagina. Dr. Susan Reed, MD, MPH, an esteemed professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Washington in Seattle, explains that low estrogen levels can occur during breastfeeding, in the postpartum period, with certain types of birth control, and notably during menopause. Additionally, cancer treatments like chemotherapy and pelvic radiation can lead to reduced estrogen levels and diminished vaginal lubrication.
- Dehydration: Adequate hydration is essential for proper functioning of the cells in the vagina. Insufficient water intake, especially after intense physical exercise, can lead to dryness in the vaginal area, as explained by Dr. Reed. Furthermore, certain products like soaps, dyes, perfumes, lubricants, and scented items contain ingredients that can extract moisture from the cells, exacerbating dryness. Additionally, specific medications, such as antihistamines, have dehydrating effects, further contributing to the issue.
- Inflammation: According to Dr. Reed, inflammation can obstruct two essential types of glands located near the outer area of the vagina. These glands are responsible for producing fluid during arousal. When these tissues are inflamed, their functionality is compromised, leading to inadequate lubrication. Chemicals found in soaps, hygiene products, dyes, and perfumes can irritate the cells in the vaginal area, causing inflammation. Similarly, infections can also induce a similar inflammatory response, further exacerbating the issue of vaginal dryness.
- Aging Dr. Reed explains that younger individuals generally experience better blood flow, which is essential for the natural moisture production in the vaginal tissues. She emphasizes that aging itself can affect vaginal moisture, independent of estrogen levels. These two factors, aging and estrogen, can impact vaginal health concurrently. Even with estrogen supplementation, some individuals may still encounter difficulties because other aspects, such as blood flow, are involved. However, it is worth noting that estrogen can assist in increasing blood flow and potentially improve vaginal moisture.
- Mental and emotional factors: Insufficient arousal during sexual activity can increase the likelihood of experiencing vaginal dryness. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), stress and anxiety can affect your sexual experiences, as can relationship issues between you and your partner. Dr. Reed also points out that aging can contribute to a decreased interest in sex and potentially amplify problems within the relationship if both partners are grappling with desire and performance-related concerns.
How to Prevent and Treat Vaginal Dryness
The appropriate treatment for vaginal dryness depends on its underlying cause. Dr. Reed advises a general approach of increasing water intake and avoiding anything that may irritate the vaginal tissues or lead to infections.
In instances where dryness is linked to relationship issues, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends focusing on effective communication as a couple. Setting aside dedicated moments for intimacy when you are not excessively fatigued or stressed, and allowing ample time for foreplay, can be beneficial. Seeking therapy is also suggested as an option. According to Dr. Reed, if you have tried various approaches but still experience low desire or arousal, therapists specializing in sexual issues can provide valuable assistance.
For individuals with vaginal dryness caused by low estrogen levels, hormone-based treatments may be effective. Dr. Reed explains that research on the vaginal microbiome has demonstrated that estrogen helps restore the vaginal epithelium (lining), thus promoting vaginal health. Doctors may recommend localized treatments such as vaginal estrogen inserts. Alternatively, if additional symptoms like hot flashes are present, oral medication or a skin patch that releases estrogen throughout the body can be considered, as recommended by ACOG. In some cases, a combination of both approaches may be utilized for more comprehensive treatment of vaginal dryness.
It is important to note that there are non-hormonal treatment options available as well. See below:
- Vaginal moisturizers: ACOG suggests that over-the-counter products designed for vaginal use can be applied every few days, either internally within the vagina or externally on the vulva. These products serve to protect the vaginal tissue, even during periods when you are not engaging in sexual activity.
- Vaginal lubricants: These lubricants aid in alleviating dryness and discomfort during sexual intercourse. There are various types of water-based or silicone-based lubricants available for purchase over the counter. Additionally, products like coconut oil and petroleum jelly can serve as alternatives, although it’s important to note that oil-based lubricants can compromise the integrity of condoms.
Vaginal dryness is a prevalent and challenging condition, but it is essential to remember that it is treatable. Dr. Reed emphasizes the importance of recognizing that there is no one-size-fits-all solution, and the initial treatment attempted may not yield the desired results. In such cases, it is encouraged to persist and explore alternative options while seeking guidance from a healthcare provider. With determination and professional assistance, effective treatments can be found to address vaginal dryness.